HINNANGU GRAMMATIKAST

Artikkel käsitleb lauseid, mis algavad hinnangusõnaga ja mida on traditsiooniliselt käsitletud aluslauseliste tarinditena. Võttes arvesse morfosüntaktilisi, semantilisi, järjendilisi ja intonatsioonilisi piiranguid, argumenteeritakse, et pigem tuleks tarindit analüüsida kui kommentaari ja lause kombinatsiooni. Kommentaar sisaldab hinnangusõna või -fraasi ja lause hinnatavat. Hinnangulausel on seega eesti keeles oma eripärane grammatiline vorm. Tarindi peamiseks eeliseks on võimalus kommenteerida eelnevat, minnes samas kohe edasi järgmise vaatenurga või teema juurde. Materjal pärineb nii suulistest kui ka kirjalikest allikatest ja peamiselt suhtluskeskkondadest, st suulisest vestlusest ja interneti jututubadest

Journal Staff

The article focuses on how students in a Lindy Hop dance class move into a complex mobile formation as a sequentially relevant response to a directive embedded in the teachers verbal and embodied instructions of the next task for practice. This sequence of actions accomplishes a transition from a stationary constellation of observing students to a mobile circle of practicing dance couples. The article describes in detail how instruction is turned into practice in an emergent way, in and through the simultaneous accountable production and reception of qualitative instruction, practice proposals, structuring instructions, and count-ins. The analysis shows how student behavior is oriented to the couple as a relevant mobile formation and how couples gradually become more synchronized with each other.Grammatikens kroppsliga komponen

Sounds on the margins of language, at the heart of interaction

What do people do with sniffs, lip-smacks, grunts, moans, sighs, whistles and clicks, where these are not part of their language's phonetic inventory? They use them, we shall show, as irreplaceable elements in performing all kinds of actions - from managing the structural flow of interaction to indexing states of mind, and much more besides. In this introductory essay we outline the phonetic and embodied interactional underpinnings of language, and argue that greater attention should be paid to its non-lexical elements. Data in English and Estonian

Linguistics and interaction research

I detta kapitel visar vi hur man kan studera språk som verktyg för kommunikation. Syftet är att förstå hur språket fungerar när människor muntligt försöker göra sig förstådda för varandra. Man har länge velat tro att det går att särskilja ett slags grammatiskt maskineri som åstadkommer korrekta strukturer separat från deras sammanhang. Här tar vi istället fram hela den kontextuella komplexitet där språket dagligen förekommer och visar hur grammatiken växer fram i en konkret fysisk och kulturell omgivning. Forskningsgrenen som fokuserar språket i mänskliga möten har börjat kallas interaktionell lingvistik (Lindström 2014), där det interaktionella tar fasta på turtagning och sekventiell organisering av talarturer, medan det lingvistika bygger på en i princip traditionell grammatisk syn på syntax och lexikon men innefattar också en fonetisk grundpelare när det gäller yttrandeprosodi. När intresset vid sidan av språkliga strukturer riktas mot blickar, gester och kroppsrörelser i det fysiska rummet har man även börjat tala om multimodal interaktionsanalys (Mondada 2007). Metodologiskt bygger den interaktionellt orienterade språkforskningen till väsentliga delar på en sociologisk tradition som heter samtalsanalys och som studerar hur sociala normer och samhällets institutioner upprätthålls genom samtal (Heritage 1984; för en introduktion på svenska, se Norrby 2014). I denna tradition betraktar man språkliga handlingar som själva grunden till både kultur och samhälle, och man kan därför även som interaktionell språkvetare bidra till förståelsen av dessa komplexa företeelser.Non peer reviewe

The multimodality and temporality of pain displays

The present paper takes an interactional approach to the problem of communicating pain. We ask how a shared understanding of this subjective and internal experience is accom- plished. The focus is on the multimodal features of pain displays and the way they emerge and progress at the micro level of turn construction and sequence organisation within health care interactions. The setting of the study is family doctor-patient primary care consultations. Using multimodal conversation analysis, we show the emergent, temporal unfolding nature of pain displays. Initially there is an embodied reflex-like action where an immediately prior cause can be attributed retrospectively. An interjection or non-lexical vocalization may follow. An expression of stance on the pain is routinely made as talk is resumed. The other party’s understanding can be shown early in the pain display shaping its unfolding with empathetic vocalizations and/or comforting touch which results in a jointly produced change in the trajectory of action. The implications of the findings for theoretical understandings of sound objects, language and communication, and for clinical practice, are discussed.Funding: NZ Health Research Council; Royal NZ Marsden Fund; University of Otago; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [VR 201600827]</p

Colloquial Estonian

The term Colloquial Estonian denotes a non-standard spoken variety of Estonian that is understood more or less in the entire speech community, and that is characteristically used in informal everyday settings. The term colloquial, although not commonly used in Estonian linguistics, is introduced here as a practical solution for this book, in which we already have included chapters on dialects and the standard (written) language...

Making up one’s mind in second position : Estonian no-preface in action plans

This chapter discusses preferred responses that are delayed by the initial particle no in Estonian. It demonstrates that the turn-initial time-space may be employed for a display of “making up one’s mind”, either weighing matters outside the conversation or something already discussed in the talk. The paper argues that besides the dichotomous choice between the preferred and the dispreferred answer format, there are individual contingencies to consider in committing to future actions as made relevant in requests, proposals and suggestions. The particle no prefaces preferred second actions that are associated with high contingency for the concerned parties, or are framed as such. Examples of high contingency include receiving a guest, attending a potentially unpleasant meeting, and faking a signature. The no-prefacing pattern is valid across response types, from partial to full repeats and independently formatted responses which reflect other social dimensions of talk-in-interaction, such as independent agency, commitment, and degree of assent/confirmation. By marking a transition from prior resistance to current compliance with a no-preface, the speaker makes salient that she is currently considering whether to proceed to a complying or non-complying answer, as well as indexes a more global transition between these two standpoints. The resulting turn gives an appearance of a carefully considered and therefore socially cohesive response

Balti keelepoliitika õigustuseks [Justifying language policies in the Baltics]

Gabrielle Hogan-Brun, Uldis Ozolins, Meilutė Ramonienė, Mart Rannut, Language Politics and Practices in the Baltic States. Current Issues in Language Planning, Volume 8, Issue 4 January 2008, lk 469–631.    Oleme veendunud, et väljaspool Balti riike elavad inimesed ei saa õieti aru, miks meie keelepoliitika on just selline, nagu ta on. Sealjuures on seda kogu taasiseseisvusaja saatnud erakordselt suur rahvusvaheline tähelepanu. Sellest ajendatuna on neli keele- ja poliitikateadlast kirjutanud monograafia, mille eesmärgiks on asetada kolme Balti riigi viimase aja keelepoliitika ajaloolisse konteksti. Raamatu üks põhieesmärke ongi väidelda, et keelealaste otsuste tegemisel ei ole võimalik lähtuda ainult käesolevast hetkest, vaid peab arvestama ka ajaloolist tausta. Seisukoht, mis kodusele lugejale on intuitiivselt endastmõistetav.

Colloquial Estonian

The term Colloquial Estonian denotes a non-standard spoken variety of Estonian that is understood more or less in the entire speech community, and that is characteristically used in informal everyday settings. The term colloquial, although not commonly used in Estonian linguistics, is introduced here as a practical solution for this book, in which we already have included chapters on dialects and the standard (written) language...